交通速度彎沉車（TSD）
交通速度彎沉車（TSD），是創新型滾輪式彎沉測量儀，檢測路面對於所加荷載的回應。丹麥格林伍德工程公司開發的TSD技術獨佔鰲頭，開啟了全球路面工程領域的範式轉移。
格林伍德TSD檢測時匯入正常車流，能夠同時在路網級和專案級提供連續的承載力數據結果，具備優異的成本效益。
同步查看路網結構和功能狀況
TSD輸出可複驗、精確、詳盡的數據，從中可導出承載力參數並預估路面疲勞/殘餘壽命。此類資訊是決策路段修復位置和養護時機的關鍵。
國際上，大量研究揭示，制定養護計畫時應基於結構數據，專注解決公路潛在的問題而不是僅僅修復路面表面症狀，才能顯著節約養護成本和大幅提高成本效益。
TSD能夠快速識別薄弱路段，從而把握預防性養護的正確時機。
這個案例是虛構的。
TSD delivers back-calculated strains down to centimeters
Based on the measured layer thicknesses and pavement response data, the pavement strains and the elastic moduli of each layer can be found using Greenwood’s own viscoelastic back-calculation algorithm.
Having access to detailed back-calculated results at the network level makes it possible to make reliable life-time analyses for the entire road network and to identify appropriate preventative measures in every instance.
When ‘the full picture’ is known for every part of the road network, it is possible to plan pavement maintenance without any unknowns and to use maintenance funds in a truly smart way.
Examples: Fatigue strain with 5 cm intervals. Bearing capacity and the pavement layer thicknesses can be measured in one go.
連續式測量，檢測速度可達80km/h (50mph)，
不影響正常交通
Effective calculation of strains and e-moduli from TSD measurements
Greenwood Engineering has developed ViscBackCalc, the world’s first online service capable of running visco-elastic back calculation on TSD measurements for precise prediction of pavement distress at network level. It´s a very fast and easy way to calculate the structural properties of the road network.
ViscBackCalc allows users to upload TSD-measurements and apply visco-elastic back calculation to the entire chainage and download calculated fatique- and rutting strains, e-moduli and slopes. The service also allows for correlation to models derived from FWD. It also generates plots for deflections, slopes and strains and allows for temperature compensation and dynamic layer information e.g. from a ground penetrating radar.
聯繫 vbc@greenwood.dk for more information or to request access to the service.
Learn more how to get effective calculation of strains and e-moduli from TSD measurements
高效率。低成本。
TSD檢測時能夠跟隨正常交通車流，每個工作日可完成幾百公里的檢測，只需兩個工作人員操作-一個駕駛員和一個檢測員-無需其他人員協助封閉車道或放置道路警告標誌等。
這使TSD檢測具備高效率和低成本優勢。與傳統打點離散式測量設備相比，每公里檢測成本更低，使用更加經濟。
檢測原理
交通速度彎沉車測量彎沉速度而不是彎沉位移。為了測量路面移動，TSD應用了多普勒效應原理：信號源的移動造成信號源產生的波長的變化。
在TSD系統內，多普勒雷射器發射良好描述的信號至移動著的路面，隨後接收反射回的鐳射信號。根據路面移動速度不同，接收到信號的波長發生了相應變化。
應用這種方法，公路路面紋理和粗糙度就不會影響TSD測量承載力的精度。
新款TSD設備安裝有10個或10個以上的多普勒雷射器，同時測量載荷車輪前後的路面移動，生成完整的彎沉盆曲線。
SCI300和更多參數。精確和可複驗
TSD系統提供彎沉盆的完整圖形，輸出常見數值包括路面曲率指數（SCI300），最大彎沉值（D0）及其他參數。通過將多普勒雷射器沿掛車雙輪縱向中心線，安裝在載荷車輪的前後，才可得以實現。
SCITSD is the new structural curvature index for strain analysis of large road networks and airfields developed by Greenwood Engineering. It is well suited for rolling wheel deflection (RWD) experiments as performed by the Traffic Speed Deflectometer.
路網檢測示例
SCITSD vs. tensile strain at the bottom of the top layer. SCITSD is proportional to the strain, since they are both derived from the curvature of the deflection bowl, this means that the tensile strain can be calculated directly from SCITSD shown as the green curve.
Besides the GPR it is possible to include optional equipment as Surface Imaging System (SIS), Right Of Way Camera (ROW) etc. for collection of a full set of synchronised road data in one drive.
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More than 20 TSDs worldwide and counting...
The first TSD was delivered to the Danish Road Directorate under the Ministry of Transport in 2004. Since then, the development has continued and the experience has grown as more than a dozen TSDs are now in operation for various research projects and maintenance optimization tasks in USA, South Africa, Australia, China, England, Germany, Italy, Poland, Sweden and Denmark.
Did you know that the TSD can be employed in airport environments?
The TSD accurately assesses the structural integrity of runways, taxiways, and aprons. This advanced technology enables a comprehensive evaluation, offering a full picture of the runway condition to facilitate informed maintenance decisions, ensuring safety and durability with minimal lane closure.