交通速度彎沉車（TSD）
The Traffic Speed Deflectometer (TSD) is an innovative Rolling Wheel Deflectometer measuring pavement response to applied load. The unique TSD technology is developed by Greenwood Engineering and has initiated a paradigm shift in pavement engineering worldwide.
The Greenwood TSD provides continuous bearing capacity results at both project and network levels while following the flow of traffic. This makes the Greenwood TSD highly cost-effective.
Synchronised view of your network pavement structural and functional conditions
The TSD provides repeatable, detailed and accurate data, from which bearing capacity indices can be derived and pavement fatigue / residual life can be estimated. This information is essential to decide how and where to repair.
國際上，大量研究揭示，制定養護計畫時應基於結構數據，專注解決公路潛在的問題而不是僅僅修復路面表面症狀，才能顯著節約養護成本和大幅提高成本效益。
The TSD quickly identifies the weakest road sections, which allows for correct timing in preventive maintenance.
這個案例是虛構的。
TSD delivers back-calculated strains down to centimeters
Based on the measured layer thicknesses and pavement response data, the pavement strains and the elastic moduli of each layer can be found using Greenwood’s own viscoelastic back-calculation algorithm.
Having access to detailed back-calculated results at the network level makes it possible to make reliable lifetime analyses for the entire road network and to identify appropriate preventative measures in every instance.
When ‘the full picture’ is known for every part of the road network, it is possible to plan pavement maintenance without any unknowns and to use maintenance funds in a truly smart way.
Examples: Fatigue strain with 5 cm intervals. Bearing capacity and the pavement layer thicknesses can be measured in one go.
連續式測量，檢測速度可達80km/h (50mph)，
不影響正常交通
Effective calculation of strains and E-moduli from TSD measurements
Greenwood Engineering has developed ViscBackCalc, the world’s first online service capable of running visco-elastic back calculation on TSD measurements for precise prediction of pavement distress at network level. It’s a very fast and easy way to calculate the structural properties of the road network.
ViscBackCalc allows users to upload TSD-measurements and apply visco-elastic back calculation to the entire chainage and download calculated fatigue- and rutting strains, E-moduli and slopes. The service also allows for correlation to models derived from FWD. It also generates plots for deflections, slopes and strains and allows for temperature compensation and dynamic layer information e.g. from a ground penetrating radar.
聯繫 vbc@greenwood.dk for more information or to request access to the service.
Learn more about how to get effective calculation of strains and E-moduli from TSD measurements
Automated Processing and Quality Control (APQC)
To optimise the Traffic Speed Deflectometer (TSD) operational efficiency and quality, Greenwood has launched an Automated Processing and Quality Control (APQC) tool. It enables customers to get faster results, improve data integrity, and detect anomalies early — all with seamless automation. APQC ensures high-quality measurements, reduces errors, and integrates effortlessly with measurement and processing workflows. APQC will be integrated into all new TSDs.
Advantages:
- Save time with automated processing. Exports of data are readily available shortly after each completed measurement section.
- Ensure data quality with expert checks with the possibility of adding more checks.
- A web interface shows the results of quality checks on each measurement and enables viewing detailed quality reports when necessary.
The tool can be retrofitted in all current TSDs.
聯繫 sales@greenwood.dk for further information.
高效率。低成本。
The TSD measures at normal traffic speed, making it possible to survey hundreds of kilometres per workday. Operated by only two people — a driver and an operator — it eliminates the need for assisting personnel to close road lanes or set up road markings.
This makes the TSD highly efficient and more economical per kilometre measured than traditional point-measuring equipment.
檢測原理
交通速度彎沉車測量彎沉速度而不是彎沉位移。為了測量路面移動，TSD應用了多普勒效應原理：信號源的移動造成信號源產生的波長的變化。
在TSD系統內，多普勒雷射器發射良好描述的信號至移動著的路面，隨後接收反射回的鐳射信號。根據路面移動速度不同，接收到信號的波長發生了相應變化。
應用這種方法，公路路面紋理和粗糙度就不會影響TSD測量承載力的精度。
新款TSD設備安裝有10個或10個以上的多普勒雷射器，同時測量載荷車輪前後的路面移動，生成完整的彎沉盆曲線。
SCI300和更多參數。精確和可複驗
TSD系統提供彎沉盆的完整圖形，輸出常見數值包括路面曲率指數（SCI300），最大彎沉值（D0）及其他參數。通過將多普勒雷射器沿掛車雙輪縱向中心線，安裝在載荷車輪的前後，才可得以實現。
SCITSD is the new structural curvature index for strain analysis of large road networks and airfields developed by Greenwood Engineering. It is well suited for rolling wheel deflection (RWD) experiments as performed by the Traffic Speed Deflectometer.
路網檢測示例
SCITSD vs. tensile strain at the bottom of the top layer. SCITSD is proportional to the strain, as both are derived from the curvature of the deflection bowl. This means that the tensile strain can be calculated directly from SCITSD, as shown by the green curve.
Besides the GPR it is possible to include optional equipment as Surface Imaging System (SIS), Right Of Way Camera (ROW) etc. for collection of a full set of synchronised road data in one drive.
Synchronised data from subsystems
Every TSD is uniquely tailored to meet our customers’ needs. Subsystems like the Surface Imaging System, Right-of-way Imaging, Ground Penetrating Radar and similar equipment can be installed to simultaneously collect additional functional data from the road.
Data from these subsystems are synchronised with the structural data in real time, resulting in a set of a big data for the road network – all obtained in one drive.
More than 20 TSDs worldwide and counting...
The first TSD was delivered to the Danish Road Directorate under the Ministry of Transport in 2004. Since then, the development has continued and the experience has grown as more than 20 TSDs are now in operation for various research projects and maintenance optimisation tasks in the United States, South Africa, India, Australia, China, England, Germany, Italy, Poland, Sweden and Denmark.
Did you know that the TSD can be employed in airport environments?
The TSD accurately assesses the structural integrity of runways, taxiways, and aprons. This advanced technology enables a comprehensive evaluation, offering a full picture of the runway condition to facilitate informed maintenance decisions, ensuring safety and durability with minimal lane closure.